|
Platforms were fitted
on top of the crosstrees and they were known as the tops. Until the end
of the 17th century their basic shape was circular and it was not
until the beginning of the 18th century that the rear edge began to be
straightened out, and in the first half of the 18th century the rear
edge became quite straight, and the sides equally so, only the front
third remaining elliptical in outline.
From the 13th to the 16th century the tops possessed fairly high
guard rails, and were therefore often termed crow's nests. These rails
were
sometimes made of massive wooden boards, sometimes from a wooden
latticework,
and they were usually brightly painted. From the middle of the 16th
century
onward the rails of the tops grew steadily lower, until by the last
quarter
of the 17th century they consisted of only a narrow ring. Even the
bright
colours disappear, and from the middle of the 17th century the tops
were
uniformly black in colour .
Until the middle of the 17th century tops were carried on all
crosstrees,(lower mast, topmast, topgallant and bowsprit). Thereafter
only the lower mast
crosstrees and the sprit crosstrees were fitted with a top, and the
latter
also disappeared with the abolition of the sprit top mast around 1720.
The construction of the tops remained fairly well unchanged throuh the
centuries. The top decking was about 1,16 x the crosstree in size, and
was assembled from two layers of planking (forward and aft
athwartships,
sides fore and aft). For the model maker this procedure is, of course,
too complex. He should cut his top decking from a sheet of wood, and
score
the joints with a knife. The thickness of th top decking was about 3ins
to 4ins. The lubber's hole was 0,4 x the width. The sprit top only had
a
small opening, just large enough for the bowsprit knee and the heel of
the
topmast.
The
ring which surrounded the top was supported by a number of ribs, which
were
distributed radially at even spacings. The ribs were rectangular and
had
a thickness of 3ins to 4ins at the ends. The ribs, always even in
numbers,
were spaced 12 to 18ins apart at the edges of the top. The holes for
the
topmast shroud chain plates have to be drilled and filed out to a
rectangle
with radiused corners. On round tops the foremost hole is located
slightly
ahead of the forward edge of the lower mast, and the after hole midway
between
the forward hole and the middle of the after half of the top; in the
case
of angular tops it was about 8 to 12ins ahead of the after edge. The
remaining
holes were spaced out between them at regular intervals.
|